Government is Best which Governs Least :: essays papers

Government is Best which Governs Least I healthily acknowledge the witticism, That legislature is best which administers least; and I should get a kick out of the chance to see it misbehaved to all the more quickly and methodicallly. Done, it at long last adds up to this, which additionally I accept - That administration is best which oversees not in any manner; and when men are set up for it, that will be the sort of government which the will have. Government is, best case scenario yet a catalyst; however most governments are as a rule, and all legislatures are here and there, inexpedient. The protests which have been brought against a standing armed force, and they are numerous and profound, and have the right to win, may likewise finally be brought against a standing government. The standing armed force is just an arm of the standing government. The administration itself, which is just the mode which the individuals have decided to execute their will, is similarly at risk to be mishandled and distorted before the indiv iduals can act through it. Witness the current Mexican war, crafted by relatively a couple of people utilizing the standing government as their apparatus; for in the start, the individuals would not have agreed to this measure. This American government- - what is it yet a custom, however an ongoing one, trying to transmit itself healthy to descendants, yet every moment losing a portion of its trustworthiness? It has not the essentialness and power of a solitary living man; for a solitary man can twist it to his will. It is a kind of wooden weapon to the individuals themselves. However, it isn't the less important for this; for the individuals must have some muddled apparatus or other, and hear its noise, to fulfill that thought of government which they have. Governments show along these lines how effectively men can be forced upon, even force on themselves, for their own favorable position. It is astounding, we should all permit. However this administration never of itself advanced any undertaking, yet by the energetic willingness with which it moved. It doesn't keep the nation free. It doesn't settle the West. It doesn't teach. The character innate in the American individuals has done the sum total of what that has been practiced; and it would have done to some degree more, if the administration had not some of the time hindered its. For government is a catalyst, by which men would fain prevail with regards to letting each other alone; and, as has been stated, when it is generally convenient, the represented are most left be by it.

Competitive Forces and Strategic Issues in the Smartphone & Tablet Assignment

Serious Forces and Strategic Issues in the Smartphone and Tablet Industry. Apple Inc - Assignment Example As indicated by Utterback and Abernathy (1975) such a move in a company’s vital center can be a significant test yet additionally have significant serious advantages. The test emerges for instance from the need of authoritative rebuilding and gaining new capacities to empower a fruitful progress from items to forms. The significant advantages for this situation were that the change in key move permitted the association to exploit the impacts of the innovative discontinuities to the business. The development of the versatile Web and related advancements started another innovation cycle that moved the purchaser gadgets industry towards cell phones and tablets. These devices have merged capacities that recently required utilization of various gadgets, for example, cameras, music players, video players, PCs and phones into a solitary gadget. Industry lifecycle hypothesis has since quite a while ago proposed that enterprises develop through particular stages and that each stage is related with various premise of rivalry at the firm level. In the customary business lifecycle model the premise of serious procedure changes from item development to process improvement as the business advances (Utterback and Abernathy 1975). Be that as it may, in the improved model, Cusumano et al. (2006) proposed administration as a significant segment of this move in technique as the business advances. ... The test emerges for instance from the need of hierarchical rebuilding and securing new abilities to empower an effective change from items to forms. The significant advantages for this situation were that the change in vital move permitted the association to exploit the impacts of the mechanical discontinuities to the business. The rise of the portable Web and related advances started another innovation cycle that moved the shopper gadgets industry towards cell phones and tablets. These devices have solidified capacities that recently required utilization of numerous gadgets, for example, cameras, music players, video players, PCs and phones into a solitary gadget. Industry lifecycle hypothesis has since a long time ago hypothesized that businesses advance through particular stages and that each stage is related with various premise of rivalry at the firm level. In the conventional business lifecycle model the premise of serious system changes from item advancement to process improv ement as the business advances (Utterback and Abernathy 1975). Notwithstanding, in the improved model, Cusumano et al. (2006) proposed administration as a significant segment of this move in methodology as the business develops. This conversation utilizes the upgraded model, appeared in Appendix An, along with Porter’s five powers to give a top to bottom investigation of the serious powers and vital issues molding the cell phone and tablet industry from 2011 onwards. The three significant powers that will shape the eventual fate of this industry are danger of participants, purchaser force and industry contention. 1.1. The more vulnerable powers 1.1.1. Intensity of providers This is most likely the most fragile serious power in this industry. The cell phone and tablet industry is ruled by five organizations

Ive Got 99 Problems Admissions Is Not One

“I’ve Got 99 Problems… Admissions Is Not One” Okay, so its really 52, but whos counting? So far Ive been fairly serious with my entries about the college admissions process. I think that its time for me to lighten the mood around here. So to all of you uber-serious folk back away slowly and no one will get hurt. As most of you know, Ive been on an AWARD TOUR WITH MOHAMMED MY MAN. And everywhere I go, you want to know the skinny on how to get into MIT. The more I try to tell everyone that just showing your passion and being yourself is enough, the more I get the yeah, r-i-g-h-t look. So lets try another tactic. I know that you love numbers, stats and checklists, so heres a checklist for the ages. 52 THINGS NOT TO DO IF YOU WANT TO BE ADMITTED TO MIT: Dont refer to yourself in the 3rd person. It doesnt work for pro athletes and it wont work for you. Dont use the flashback essay. You know, the one that envisions you receiving the Nobel Prize in Biology and attributing all of your success to your admission to MIT. Yeah, thats about as original as the obligatory standing ovation at the end of an Ashante concert. (This is NOT an endorsement of Ashante or her inability to maintain pitch control, not lip-sync at live performances, or to write lyrics that use Boo as a pronoun.) Do not use words that do not exist irregardless of how much you orientate the direction of your essay. Avoid slang. Use street cred on your own time. If you want to keep it real get an A in Calculus. Thats hot! Never refer to your parents as Mommy and Daddy, your dog as your best friend, or your girlfriend as your Ride or Die. In that same vein, if your mother really is your hero youd make your bed, refrain from calling your younger brother a mistake, and stop taking the cable box apart for poops and giggles. Do not quote Holden Caufield in your essay. (Its a good way to share A ROOM WITH MARK DAVID CHAPMAN.) Additionally, dont use quotes from Fountainhead or Jugghead. The Every Important Lesson I Learned in Life, I Learned From Wolverine essay has been tried. (Feel free the ask the author how hes enjoying his PG year.) There is no reason to use the word nipple anywhere on your application. Unless you work for Bad Boy Records, The death of Biggie and Tupac do not count as defining moments in your life. Under the section labeled Extracurricular Activities, do not list the following: Being a great boyfriend/girlfriend; 20 hours per week. Never quote the MasterCard commercial that ends with the word PRICELESS. Know what the hell you are talking about! Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons and can be formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules. Their chief danger comes from the damage they can do when they react with important cellular components such as DNA, or the cell membrane. Cells may function poorly or die if this occurs. The New Radicals are a one hit wonder 80s pop band. (You only get what you give!) Refrain from cutting and pasting whole sections of our web site to use in your essay. (If you do cut and paste, please use quotation marks and change the font to match that of your document.) NEVER CUT AND PASTE BETWEEN COLLEGE ESSAYS. If we receive an essay that states, and thats why Harvard is my dream school WELL TRY REAL HARD TO MAKE YOUR DREAM COME TRUE. Think carefully before quoting music lyrics. If you must do it, Gwen Stefanis chorus is I aint no holla back girl NOT I aint no Harlem Black Girl. The same goes with movies. Yes, Cool Hand Luke is steeped in allegory and I do believe that it is a modern parallel of Christ. No, I do not accept that Mean Girls is anything but a tween movie. Dont submit anything written or drawn with a Crayola or Sharpie. Dont use statistics as proof of your excellence if there were less that 10 others that you competed against. We TOO know the power of small numbers. No matter how tight your argument is, Halo groups are not extracurricular clubs and your mastery of said game is not a skill. Dont attend MIT Central Meetings and pick fights with the Admissions staff. You want us to remember you in good ways. Dont rely solely on your 2400 SAT/36 ACT scores to get you into MIT. Dont count yourself out if you have considerable lower scores than those listed above. (Ed. note: or if you spell like Bryan does.) DO NOT EVER BELIEVE THAT IF YOU ARE A STUDENT OF COLOR THAT YOU WILL BE ADMITTED SOLELY BECAUSE OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION. If you are not a student of color dont fall into the trap of thinking you wont be admitted because of Affirmative Action. If you are admitted, it will be because of merit. If not, it wasnt because someone else took your spot. Dont spend your entire essay telling us about what you want to be after you leave MIT. Instead tell us what you want to do at MIT. Do not let the costs of MIT deter you from applying to MIT. We have this thing called Financial Aid. If you dont apply, you cant afford it. Dont take college advice from your crazy know-it-all uncle whose only experience with MIT was the time his car broke down on Mass Ave back in 1974. IF YOU ARE NOT PASSIONATE ABOUT LEARNING AND MIT, IT WILL SHOW IN YOUR APPLICATION. Dont let more than three people critique your essay. If you do, youll get conflicting messages and your voice will be lost forever. Life is not like a box of chocolates. If you know who the Wiggles are for whatever reason keep it to yourself. Anything with the words Graphic Novel on the cover IS a comic book. Dont quote it. Dont apply to MIT solely because your best friend suggests it. Do you really think well be impressed by the poster that has your head superimposed on the body of Arnold and is titled: I have the will, show me the way? Use Photoshop responsibly. Dont call us repeatedly hoping that well give you a decision early. Youll know when you know. Do not have your parents call on your behalf. Enough said. NEVER question MATT McGANN. He is of the MIT Omnibus. Do not write to admissions officers using email addresses that contain lewd expressions. (Ed. note: I removed Bryans example. It was that bad.) There is no way to convince me that the Designated Hitter rule is good for Baseball. Dont even try. In terms of your intended major, dont confuse undecided with I dont know what I want. In other words, undecided means that you are struggling to decide between disciplines; not I dont know. Dont blow off your interview or wait until the last minute to make an appointment. Dont use profanity in your essay, even if youre quoting someone. Dont spend your time looking for the Admissions back door. No matter what you read on College Confidential, it doesnt exist. There is only one entrance to the Infinite Corridor, and thats through the admissions committee. Dont use canned essays if you do, well use canned rejection letters. Dont send a bejillion letters of recommendation. We know that most of you have only lived for 17 or 18 years. We dont expect you to have a ton of experiences. Id say more than 5-6 letters is really pushing it. Remember, well read everything that you send us. Dont abuse this. If I read a letter from your milkman saying that you like strawberry yogurt, Im gonna be pissed. NEVER EMBELLISH. I know that you are smart enough not to lie. Do not let your desire to attend MIT overshadow your integrity. This is an area that we see as absolute and black and white. Do not miss deadlines! Not for the CSS Profile or any part of the application. In that vein, dont wait until October 31st (early) or December 31st (regular) to apply, especially if you plan to apply online. If the server is down for some reason, youre screwed. Dont slack off academically or do something stupid that could put your admission in jeopardy. MIT giveth and MIT taketh away. Admission to MIT is like wearing spandex in public its a privilege not a right.

The Aftermath of John F. Kennedys Assassination

Prior to the assassination of President Kennedy on November 22, 1963, life in the United States still seemed to border on naivety in so many ways.  But the series of shots that rang out in Dealey Plaza that afternoon was the beginning of the end of this innocence. John F. Kennedy was a popular president with the American people. His wife Jackie, the First Lady, was the picture of sophisticated beauty.  The Kennedy clan was large and appeared close-knit. JFK appointed Robert, Bobby, to be Attorney General. His other brother, Edward, Ted, won the election for John’s old Senate seat in 1962. Within the U.S., Kennedy had recently made it a public resolve to back the Civil Rights movement by passing historic legislation that would bring about major change. The Beatles were still clean-cut young men who wore matching suits when they performed. There wasn’t a drug counterculture among the youth of America. Long hair, Black Power, and burning draft cards just did not  exist. At the height of the Cold War, President Kennedy had made the powerful Premier of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, back down during the Cuban Missile Crisis.  In the fall of 1963, there were U.S. military advisers and other personnel, but no U.S. combat troops in Vietnam. In October 1963, Kennedy had decided to withdraw one thousand military advisers from the region by end of the year. Kennedy Calls for the Withdrawal of US Military Advisers The day before Kennedy was assassinated, he had approved National Security Action Memorandum (NSAM) 263 which expressly called for the withdrawal of these U.S. military advisers. However, with the succession of Lyndon B. Johnson to the presidency, the final version of this bill was changed. The version officially approved by President Johnson, NSAM 273, left out the withdrawal of advisers by the end of 1963. By the end of 1965, over 200,000 U.S. combat troops were in Vietnam. Furthermore, by the time the Vietnam Conflict ended, there were over 500,000 troops deployed with more than 58,000 casualties.  There are some conspiracy theorists that solely look to the difference in policy towards U.S. military presence in Vietnam between Kennedy and President Johnson as the reason for Kennedys assassination. However, there is little evidence to support this theory.  In fact, during an April 1964 interview, Bobby Kennedy answered a number of questions about his brother and Vietnam. He stopped short of saying that President Kennedy would not have used combat troops in Vietnam.   Camelot and Kennedy The term Camelot evokes thoughts of the mythical King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. However, this name has also become associated with the time that Kennedy was president. The play, Camelot was popular at the time. It, like Kennedys presidency, ended with the death of the king. Interestingly, this association was created soon after his death by Jackie Kennedy herself. When the former First Lady was interviewed by Theodore White for a Life magazine piece that appeared in a December 3, 1963, special edition of the publication, she was quoted as saying that, â€Å"There will be great presidents again, but there will never be another Camelot.†Ã‚  Although it has been written that White and his editors did not agree with Jackie Kennedy’s characterization of Kennedy’s presidency, they ran the story with the quote. Jackie Kennedys words encapsulated and immortalized John F. Kennedy’s few short years in the White House. The 1960’s after Kennedys assassination saw major changes in the United States. There was a growing degradation of trust in our government.  The way that the older generation viewed the youth of America was changed, and the limits of our Constitutional freedom of expression were severely tested. America was in a period of upheaval that would not end until the 1980s.

Testing, Or Summative Assessment - 1473 Words

â€Å"Assessment as a practice is expansive and dynamic, reflecting learning in action. Testing, in contrast, is more about measuring a body of knowledge that has been taught.† (Meadmore, 2004, p.3) Testing, or summative assessment, is a process of measuring attainment of knowledge and understanding by assigning an â€Å"empirical indicant† (Carmines Zeller, 1979, p.45) which purports to represent the degree to which students’ learning reflects the course objectives. Testing creates a quantifiable consequence from a qualitative construct, and this result becomes part of a student’s identity. While the assessment instrument described for this unit is a summative assessment in that the marks will be recorded and contribute to the students’†¦show more content†¦Interpretations and implications of test scores must be considered in this important context. When giving weight to test scores, it is also important that the assessment instrument reflects students achieving targets not comparisons within the cohort (Hart, 2000, p. 100), which is to say that the assessment is criterion based, not norm based. The assessment in this unit consists of two tasks which together provide a valid, reliable and authentic summative assessment of students leaning. The exam is scheduled 4 weeks into the unit and reinforces and tests understanding of basic knowledge and mathematical fluency. Some questions extend into application with simple modeling problems that are interpreted before being solved mathematically. This modeling aspect brings authenticity to the unit and to the assessment instrument. The assignment will be issued along with the feedback on their exams in the 5th week. It is a modeling problem in two parts, and both are highly practical and authentic. The knowledge they need in order to solve the assignment questions is a direct and clear extension of the exam content which was explicitly taught in the first 4 weeks of the course and practiced with examples and applications in the subsequent 2 weeks. Reliability refers to the characteristic that the assessment precisely and consistently measures the targeted learning (Black, 2013). The unit was planned through backward

The Concept of Economy Free Essays

string(44) " one of the importers of conventional arms\." There have been diverse views from various scholars on the meaning of economy. Of this various definitions includes; Economy is a term derived from the Greek word ‘OIKONOMOS’ which means â€Å"One who manages a home†. Even though the term Economy is derived from the Greek word, history has shown that the Babylonians and their neighbouring towns were the first to develop any form of economics as it regards laws and rules. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Wikipedia (2018) â€Å"The contemporary concept of the economy wasn’t popularly known until the American Great Depression in the 1930’s†. However, prior to this period, the concept of economy had passed through different phases some of which included; Primary, secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary stage of the economy. What then is Economy? Economy as defined in Investing Answers (2018) â€Å"Is the organised system of human activity involved in the production, consumption, exchange and the production of goods and services†. It is an organised system where money is made through the production and distribution of goods and services. The Oxford Living Dictionaries (2018) also defined economy as ‘the state of a country or region in terms of production and consumption of goods and services and the supply of money’. There are diverse ways of measuring the economic activities of any nation. Some of these ways include;   Gross Domestic Products Exchange rate Stock Market Interest Rate Unemployment CHINA AND ITS ECONOMY Popularly known as the People’s Republic of China. China was established on January 1, 1912 after the Xinhai Revolution that Qung dynasty era. The country is situated in East Asia and is referred to as the most populated country in the world with an estimated number of 1.404 billion people. In terms of land mass after Russia, China is the second largest country in the world. In the world in general, there is a popular conception that the Chinese people can be used for cheap labour. However, despite this notion, the country is the largest emerging economy in the world and is mostly engaged in manufacturing, industrial production, servicing and agriculture. As at 2017, China became the world’s largest economy through its purchasing by making $23.12 trillion in comparison to European Union and the United States of America at Second and Third position respectively. Despite being the largest economy in the world, China remains a very poor country with regards to standard of living. This low standard of living attracts people and businesses to the country. Most of China’s economic growth is dependent on the exportation of machinery and equipment. Apart from machinery and equipment, other components of China’s economy includes; real estate, infrastructure, ports, railways, pipelines, aluminium, copper, cement, steel, exchange, reserves etc. In recent time, China has witnessed a slowdown of its economy which resulted to a slower growth in its GDP. Most of the changes that affects economic growth centres on change that has labour, productivity and capital. In the case of China, the decline in its economic growth is attributed to the huge technological gap between China and other rich countries. Another that contributes to decline the economy is an increase in Country’s debt. CHINA AND THE WORLD’S ECONOMY There is the doubt that in comparison to the world’s economy, China’s economy is a strong force to reckon with whether or not it is the largest or second largest as measured by GDP. In 2007, from being the sixth economy as at 2002, China was declared the world’s largest economy with a total of $23.12 trillion as against the European Union and U.S respectively. This does not dispute the fact that when considering the per capital income of the average man in China, the country’s populace comprises off relatively poor people or that the gradual slowdown in the economy brings with it a lure of fear in the minds of their nations. According to Gutte Wallin Pederson (2002) ‘China’s growth has primarily been driven by market oriented reforms and the opening of the Chinese economy to the rest of the world. Other components of China’s economy include manufacturing and production of machineries at low costs, foreign direct investments, exportation, agriculture and importation of things consumed in the country. China has contributed immensely to the GDP growth of the world. It is quite central to the world’s economic growth. Between 1980 to 2011, China recorded an annual growth of about 10%. A significant thing occurred when China decided to join the World Trade Organization in 2001. This is because along with the accession came China’s pledge to provide fair treatment to WTO members ensuring that their enterprises where given the same treatment as that of the Chinese and vice versa. Most of China’s economic growth in the world centres on physical capital and human capital. Labour force in China gross rapidly. Countries all over the world regards China’s labour force as cheap as such would rather have them in their employ yet a large populous of the workforce has not been tapped. Apart from having a cheap workforce, cost of living in China is also cheap. This explains why countries now go to China to establish companies in other to access raw materials and lower their cost of manufacturing and production. For a country like the USA, China still remains the highest manufacturer of toys. China also exports manufactured products such as phones, electronics, clothing, furniture etc. Most countries depend on China for products they consume. Example African Countries. Despite being the highest exporter of consumer goods all over the world, China is the second largest importer in the world. The country because of its limited natural resources contributes largely to other countries GDP in terms of imports. Most commodities that China imports include; crude oil, petroleum gas, iron ore, lead, copper, palm oil, asphalt etc. For instance, the country’s importation of integrated circuits accounted for about 44% of Malaysian exports for 2016. China is one of the major players in the arms market. Prior to now, China was one of the importers of conventional arms. You read "The Concept of Economy" in category "Papers" However, in recent times, the reverse has become the case with the country being the 5th largest exporter of these arms as ranked in the world. According to China power (2008) â€Å"Between 2008 and 2012, China exported $14.4 billion worth of conventional weapons across the globe†. During this period, most percentage of arm supply made by China went to Asia and another fraction of Africa. China’s neighbours and some parts of America have not been left out of the arm supply trend. For instance, between the aforementioned years, the country provided arms worth $1.86 billion to Bangladesh which is about 71.9% of Bangladesh arms acquisition during this period (China Power 2018). As pointed out by Alec Ash (20177) the basic areas which China intends to drive the world economics’ growth and reforms are; a. Innovation-driven economy, tapping the potential of businesses both big and small. b. One belt, one road initiative, connecting trade markets across Eurasian land and sea. c. A rising middle class, growing in number spending power to drive consumption. d. Financial market liberation, speeding improvements in the Chinese market. e. State-Owned enterprises, opening biggest industries. f. Oversea investment, leveraging Chinese capital to revitalize the global economy. g. China intends to be more involved in the world’s economy irrespective of being a major player already as the country is gradually becoming a consumption driven economy. Despite being a key player in the world economy, the world itself has witnessed a slowdown in the Chinese economy in recent times. This is because its service sector is suffering from the effects of its workforce population ageing and increase in wages to meet global standards. The use of technology has also declared some job roles obsolete. Justin Kuepper (2017) opines that â€Å"many economists believe the country would have to migrate from manufacturing to services as a primary driver of GDP, just as other developed countries like the United States and those in Europe have done in the past†. There is no doubt that their slowdown will affect economies globally. It may have a deflationary effect on most economies. For instance, countries that exports goods to China will experience a decline in demand for the goods by China. What this implies is that the decline in demand for goods/services will lead to a drop in their price thus reducing the export GDP of these products. Example the demand for crude oil has reduced thus leading to a decline in price of crude oil. These days, China goes to the extent of rendering services in exchange for free crude oil. China’s demand for these products will be slow. Other factors contributing to these slowdown include a rise in debt and gradual close of technological gap between China and other countries thus reducing the demand for Chinese products and reducing its productivity growth. Irrespective of what the effects of this slowdown may imply there is a need for countries to brace themselves for the challenges that lie ahead of them globally. Some of the way they can handle ways situation include, reduction of commodity exposure, diversification of investment hedge with puts on Chinese EIF’s (Justin Kuepper 2017). IMPACT OF CHINA ECONOMY ON NIGERIAN ECONOMY Relating the impact of China economy to Nigeria, it will not be misleading to say that her impact on the Nigerian economy is quite enormous. It will not be undermining to say that Nigeria is one country that’s hugely dependent on China. Most products used in Nigeria are tagged with â€Å"Made in China† labels that ranges from toys, to plastics, household items, machineries, electronics, clothing etc. Nigeria is also dependent on China for some raw materials.Nigerians also negotiate with the Chinese for customized products only for the Nigerian market. In recent times, the Nigerian economy has experienced an advancement in industrialization. This advancement has encourage the production of locally made products and reduced the country’s dependence on goods from other countries in terms of economic boost, the country’s bilateral ties with other countries of which China is inclusive has also brought about an increase in foreign investment. Nigeria continually comes up with policies that do not only aim at strengthening its bilateral ties but are also targeted at ensuring it is exposed to a wide range of options as regards to the quantity and quality of goods consumed by its citizens in process bring about a reduction in the poverty level. Some of this policies includes; Structural Adjustment package, Trade liberation Policy. The question to be asked is â€Å"Do these policies really help in giving the country trade advantage in the long run?† The major factor contradictory to Nigeria/China bilateral ties is labour force. The Nigerian policies as enticing as they may seem may only suffice for the country’s immediate needs. There is little or no transfer of technological knowledge due to language and cultural constraints, Nigerian institutions are not accountable, transparent or credible in their dealings. Despite the above limiting factor on the part of Nigeria, China have been having currency swap dealings with different countries of which Nigeria is partisan. As stated by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Governor, Mr Godwin Emefiele, the currency swap agreement is targeted at helping both countries achieve the following; a. Provision of adequate liquidity of local currency for industrialists in both countries, b. Aid manufacturers businesses in China/Nigeria to access funds to import raw materials from both countries, c. Nigerian businesses who impart from China will be protected from the frequent fluctuations and effects of third party currency. d. It will help people in West Africa have access to China’s local currency as Nigeria will be the trade hub in the region for this purpose. Since the availability of natural resources is limited in China, the aforementioned economic giants depends on Nigeria for Agricultural produce and crude oil. The importation of these goods from Nigeria helps increase its exportation quota in terms of GDP although in recent times, China would rather offer free services to Nigeria in exchange for free crude oil. How to cite The Concept of Economy, Papers

The Mammy free essay sample

Black women insist on the right to establish and define their own reality Controlling Images and Black Women’s Oppression During this slavery era images of black women were socially constructed to maintain their subordination Unlike Black women, white women were encouraged to possess four cardinal virtues: piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity ? Mammy: Asexual, faithful, obedient domestic servant; yardstick used to measure all black women behavior Image aims to influence maternal behavior; raises children to know place in society Matriarch: Spends too much time out the home working; overly the aggressive; emasculates husbands and lovers; unfeminine. Unlike mammy, she is the â€Å"bad† black mother Introduced in a government report on Black poverty in 1965 called the Negro Family: The Case for National Action (Moynihan report) ? The report blamed black mothers for their childrens failures; working lead to a lack of attention and care; delinquency; Further a sserts that slavery destroyed black families by reversing roles of men and women Black backlash- Diverts attention from the reality of political and economic inequalities that shape black children experiences ? Welfare Queen: Makes use of social welfare benefits to which they are entitled by law; Lazy; fails to pass on work ethic; alone; updated version of â€Å"breeder woman† during slavery This image provides justification for the efforts to control black women’s fertility to the needs of a changing economy ? i. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mammy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. during slavery children were valued as property the more slave children you have the more assets you have After WWII black women and their children seen as a economical liability During the 1980s, despite Reagan and the Republicans opposition, Black women and children could not be forced to work, and Black men dropped out of legitimate labor force ? Prison Industrial Complex ? Jezebel/ Hoochie: Represents a deviant black female sexuality; originated under slavery to justify the many assaults against slave women by white men ? These women are seen as having a strong sexual appetite which leads to an expected outcome of increased fertility Hoochie unlike the Jezebel is an image accepted by the Black community ? Three types of hoochie: plain, gold digger, hoodrat Normal female heterosexuality is expressed in terms of true white womanhood unlike the black â€Å"hot momma† Because of black women sexual appetite is seen as inappropriate or worst, insatiable, black women are characterized as freaks and become stigmatized in society Black women sexuality and fertility is defined by the dominant group (white men) ? Black Lady: Combination of the mammy and matriarch Claire Huxtable, The Cosby Show Controlling Images and Social Institutions Schools, news media and government agencies constitute important sites for reproducing controlling images usually based on the idea of black women having some kind of deviant sexuality ? Social science research; AIDS and teen pregnancy ? Popular culture; Black hip hop music ? Accessibility to birth control measures Controlling images are also perpetuated in Black institutions ? Family, church and civic organizations are all sites where controlling images of black women are simultaneously resisted and reproduced. Color, Hair Texture and Standards of Beauty Despite the resistance of Black women to being objected as the â€Å"other†, controlling images still influence their lives, becoming even more visible. They impact how Black women interact with the world ? Speaking standard/proper English somehow makes you less black i. e. â€Å"I never think of you as black†; â€Å"I don’t see race when I’m with you† The binary thinking between Black and white beauty: ? Thin, white, blonde hair and blue eyes are not beautiful without the â€Å"other†, full lips, broad noses, dark skin and kinky hair White skin and straight hair privileges white women by being the standard of beauty; No matter what a Black woman subjective reality is, she’ll never meet the main stream standards of beauty All women in U. S. are objectified, and their value determined by how they look, but Black is the most â€Å"un-American† Black Women’s Reactions to Control ling Images Historically African American literature by women writer’s usually provide a comprehensive view of Black women struggles to form positive self-definitions in face inferior images Many fictional characters of Black women have themes of pain, violence and death that make up their lives; experiences of internalized oppression ? These characters use drugs, alcohol, excessive religion, and even retreat into madness to attempt to escape painful black female realities ? Denial is another response to controlling images; â€Å"I’m not like the rest† Black female writer’s also document the responses of positive self-definition by Black women ? The Color Purple (the conclusion) ? Waiting to Exhale ? How Stella Got Her Groove Back

Free Essays on Self Representation In 18th Century Womens Poetry

Discuss women's self-representation in 18th Century Poetry In this essay I will be looking at how women represented themselves in 18th Century British poetry. I will be focusing on the poetry of three 18th Century women writers Lady Mary Chudleigh (1656-1710), Anne Finch (1661-1720) and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689-1762). Poetry accounts for a large proportion of women's writing during the 18th Century and offered a rare outlet for self-expression and an opportunity to examine 'complex and troubling matters' (Turner 18). The themes that run through women's poetry in this period concern marriage, in which women consider their role as a wife and question the fulfilment it brings; women's unequal rights to an education; depression - a source of much frustration at a time when Reason ruled and anything unfathomable or illogical was swept aside; and the notion of beauty as an important tool of power for a woman. Social pressures affected women's writing since 'wit belonged to the masculine province' (Turner 18) as Anne Finch observed in The Introduction (1689): 'Alas! A woman that attempts the pen, Such an intruder on the rights of men' (Lines 9-10). As a result of this, women suffered from a fear of 'violating feminine modesty' (Ezell, Patriarch 63). If a woman signed her work with her own name, she opened herself up to ridicule and censure. None of the three women poets that I have looked at signed their poems with their real names. They are also notable for each avoiding literary limelight and not participating in the London literary circle. The public sphere was incompatible to women in an era where virtue was defined by modesty. Looking firstly at the theme of marriage, both Lady Mary Chudleigh and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu have used poetry to express anger at the institution of marriage. Writing at a time when a man had absolute unquestioned authority over the most important features in life - education, career,... Free Essays on Self Representation In 18th Century Womens Poetry Free Essays on Self Representation In 18th Century Womens Poetry Discuss women's self-representation in 18th Century Poetry In this essay I will be looking at how women represented themselves in 18th Century British poetry. I will be focusing on the poetry of three 18th Century women writers Lady Mary Chudleigh (1656-1710), Anne Finch (1661-1720) and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689-1762). Poetry accounts for a large proportion of women's writing during the 18th Century and offered a rare outlet for self-expression and an opportunity to examine 'complex and troubling matters' (Turner 18). The themes that run through women's poetry in this period concern marriage, in which women consider their role as a wife and question the fulfilment it brings; women's unequal rights to an education; depression - a source of much frustration at a time when Reason ruled and anything unfathomable or illogical was swept aside; and the notion of beauty as an important tool of power for a woman. Social pressures affected women's writing since 'wit belonged to the masculine province' (Turner 18) as Anne Finch observed in The Introduction (1689): 'Alas! A woman that attempts the pen, Such an intruder on the rights of men' (Lines 9-10). As a result of this, women suffered from a fear of 'violating feminine modesty' (Ezell, Patriarch 63). If a woman signed her work with her own name, she opened herself up to ridicule and censure. None of the three women poets that I have looked at signed their poems with their real names. They are also notable for each avoiding literary limelight and not participating in the London literary circle. The public sphere was incompatible to women in an era where virtue was defined by modesty. Looking firstly at the theme of marriage, both Lady Mary Chudleigh and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu have used poetry to express anger at the institution of marriage. Writing at a time when a man had absolute unquestioned authority over the most important features in life - education, career,...

Narrative Essay Topic Ideas

Narrative Essay Topic Ideas Even if writing academic papers has never been a problem to you, you may be puzzled when you are assigned to write a narrative essay. What is difficult about this assignment is creating effective narrative essay topic ideas. However, what makes it quite easy is that you do not need to conduct a research before you can start writing. If creative writing has never been your passion, and you want a professional writer do the work for you, contact our company to get qualified assistance. Our experts produce all kinds of academic papers, including stories. So, what you need to do is to give us your teacher’s requirements and specify the deadline. You will receive your story online, so your grade and your reputation will be safe. Where to look for good narrative essay topic ideas? It is more likely that you will find them in your memories. Just give yourself enough time to think. Your experience is unique, so if you have enough time to browse your memories, you will surely recollect some events from your past which you will be able to present in an interesting form. For example, you can tell a story from your early childhood years. Were there any interesting and memorable moments in class? Tell about the present you received for Christmas, which you have been dreaming about. Tell about the journey to a distant place which left a mark in your memory. Your family or even pets can give you inspiration you are looking for. Each of us has interesting stories to tell about our cats, dogs and other animals. Tell about your friends, with whom you have shared many bright moments of your life. Some ideas can be offered to you not only by your personal experience, but by some global events, too, such as September 11 or Japanese Earthquake of 2011. Which style to use? After you have invented narrative essay topic ideas, start writing. Many students are wondering, which style and tone are allowable for this assignment. In fact, you can use any style you like. You can fill your paper with humor, or, on the contrary, sound serious and solemn. Just check that you are consistent and do not shock the reader with unexpected transitions from cheerful mood to sadness and back. It is important to remember that no matter what tone of narration you would choose, your work is still an academic paper. That means correct word usage, grammar and punctuation are crucial for your success. After your paper is ready, check it at least a couple of times to eliminate the errors.

Michael Jackson concert review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Michael Jackson concert review - Essay Example Even before the actual performance began, and just the name of Michael Jackson passed across the projector screen, the crowd was already cheering on and celebrating. It is important to note and mention that their ecstasy and joy was excusable because in 1987, no other person in the world had reached the legendary status and position of Michael Jackson in entertainment (OConnor et al 843). The stage arrangement and background details or props were accurate to convey the mood of that particular point in time. The lighting was proper, because the flash lights coincided with the drops of the breakdance put forth by Michael Jackson and his band of performers. In all aspects and fairness, it is safe to assert that the venue was too small for the legendary stature of Michael Jackson. Preferably a soccer stadium could have served well since the status of Michael Jackson was too legendary to be confined to the auditorium. In a way, the band sounded too loud for the venue because the venue was small and stuffed by fans and revelers. Therefore a bigger venue such as a stadium would have allowed the band as a whole to sing and perform by feeding off their musical energy to the revelers and fans. In terms of the set list or the play list, it is proper to mention that it was accurately on point. The songs were arranged in order of their popularity and likeness. The show starter however was a popular song so as to get the audience and the revelers to the performances’’ mood and tune. The performance and show was began by â€Å"Wanna be Starting Something†- which is a blazer and a crowd puller. The first song got the mood of the night and the performance by exciting the audience and the revelers. The preceding songs grew to more energetic and involving songs that the audience could sing along to with ease. My favorite song for the performance stands out to be

Classroom Management Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Classroom Management - Research Paper Example When an instructor loses control of his/her classroom, it is usually extremely difficult to get back that control. This instructor, consequently, has to adopt correct demeanour control measures if classroom administration techniques prove to be poor and inadequate. Inappropriate demeanour results in a reduced rate of academic involvement in the classroom. With regard to scholar’s viewpoints, efficient classroom administration encompasses patent communication of behavioural and educational expectations. This also includes creating a collaborative learning environment. Classroom supervision is intimately connected to matters of inspiration and discipline, as well as respect. All these techniques are issues of fervent debate among instructors. As a result, instructors’ approaches differ depending on the convictions an instructor holds with regard to educational psychology. An enormous part of conventional classroom administration encompasses behaviour alteration, though, v aried instructors see utilizing behavioural techniques alone as extremely simplistic. Varied teachers institute regulations and processes at the outset of the school year which delineate correct demeanour. These rules provide scholars with solid direction to make sure that their prospects become an actuality. These instructors, however, have to be dependable in fostering these regulations and processes. Many individuals assert that, constructive results are evident when rules are adhered to and unconstructive when rules are ignored. There are novel concepts with regard to classroom administration that try to be holistic. For instance, affirmation teaching, which tries to direct scholars toward success by assisting them see how effort is crucial in a classroom. This concept depends on developing an environment where scholars are successful as a consequence of their individual efforts. Creating this milieu is vital for scholars to perform well. This alters a classroom into a society o f well-behaved as well as self-motivated scholars (Angela, 1993). According to professionals in the field of learning, classroom administration aims at persuading and instituting scholar self-control throughout a procedure of enhancing positive scholar achievement and demeanour. Consequently, academic achievement, instructor efficiency, and instructor and scholar demeanour are directly connected with the conception of school and classroom administration. Classroom supervision emphasizes on three crucial elements. These elements are content administration, conduct administration as well as covenant administration. All these concepts are described and offered with facts in a list of evident elements in efficient teaching practices. Research indicates that a high occurrence of classroom disciplinary quandaries has a massive influence on the efficacy of teaching as well as learning. As a result, instructors who encounter such matters are usually unable to plan and develop suitable instr uctional duties. These instructors also tend to ignore diversity in lesson plans and seldom prompt scholars to confer and assess the materials that they learn. Additionally, scholar understanding or seat tasks are not scrutinized on a normal basis. However, strong and reliable supervision and organizational techniques have been described as resulting in limited classroom discipline quandaries. This implies that content administr

Localized Value Proposition Analysis for Toyota

Localized Value Proposition Analysis for Toyota Introduction Toyota motor company, who started a comprehensive partnership with FAW (First Auto Works) in 2002, has achieved great success in China, the market share expanding from 2.4% in 2003 to 7.3% in 2004 (data from JACCPCM, Joint Advisory Committee of China Passenger Car Market). The key concept of Toyotas successful strategy in China is localization to generate localized value proposition for consumers, which is different from Toyotas global policy. Localization is the key concept of a multi-national corporations strategy to enter a new country, which is an important method to establish it. Therefore, how to generate a localized strategy is a priority for these corporations. This essay will define localization which may lead the corporations to success in a new country, then identify the three elements of localization strategy: product strategy, marketing strategy and management strategy, furthermore assess the risks that localized strategy bring out. The core concept of localization is l ocal manufacturing and local sales. When a multi-national corporation enters a country, the primary question is what kind of products they can offer to the local consumers, and whether they will be accepted. Since different countries have different needs, the products can be adjusted according to the local consumers taste. The following question is how to sell products to local consumers. As the business environment and issues vary from one country to another, the firms marketing mix may have to undergo significant adaptation and adjustment. Effective marketing in this environment will boost the companys volume sale because of reflecting of local culture in positive way. Product strategy is for developing and supplying locally customized products, which is the foundation of the localization strategy, including three following aspects. First of all, products must be manufactured locally, because manufacturing operations in local can take advantage of resources, such as raw materials and human resource; and make the price of product competitive avoiding import taxes or trade barriers. In addition, the company can obtain the support of local government for the contribution to local economies and industrial development, which is also beneficial for local selling. Secondly, more localized exterior and interior design should be adapted to fit consumers taste. One product is popular in one country, which cannot guarantee that it will be also successful in other countries. Consequently, the company must be aware of the local consumers preference and taste, and wide coverage of product for diversified consumers needs. For example, Coca-Cola sells new flavours specifically for Europe: its Turkish division marketed a pear-flavoured drink, while the German division sold a berry-flavoured Fanta (Onkvisit Shaw, 2004), which are varied according to different customers tastes. Furthermore, the product should fit for the local culture and traditional. The example of the marke ting of fire insurance in different countries can illustrate this reason. For American consumers, it is sensible and practical to purchase fire insurance. However, in Brazil, where people belief that fire insurance may encourage fire accidents, it is difficult to encourage Brazilian consumers to purchase insurance (Onkvisit Shaw, 2004). Last but not least, purchasing from local suppliers is also a crucial issue for product strategy, which influences the product quality and long term profitability. Suppliers as business partners should be strict selected and sometimes long term patience should be had for improvement of local suppliers to meet corporations requirements. Strategy A successful localized strategy emphasizes not only on product but also on adapted brands and packages to meet the particular preferences and needs of customers. That is, in order to increase selling locally, an efficient marketing strategy is needed, which include advertising, personal selling, and sales promotion. As a new brand enters a market, more intensive marketing is necessary to increase brand recognition and perception which will attract consumers. More specifically, advertising on mass media is an efficient method to increase the brand recognition. Another important factor of marketing strategy is personal selling in which a company can invest. Since satisfaction during the buying process and quality of after services are becoming crucial for companys reputation, the capability of sales rep, professionalism and honest quotation for instance, will influence the branding and sales. Finally, sales promotion contains those promotional activities other than personal selling and advertising, such as coupons, discounting, demonstration and samples, which can push the local consumers to accept new products rapidly. Furthermore, the design of promotional activities should be based on local consumers consuming behaviour which is determined by local culture. For instance, Suspicion and privacy in some countries can limit the effectiveness of promotional activities, such as door-to-door selling and other direct selling methods. The awareness to local culture can make a firm more customer oriented, and the marketing strategy will be developed more likely flexible and efficient. A company can use localized management to conquer keen competition across regions with local OEM (original equipment manufacturer), especially in risk management, decision making structure and human recourse. Firstly, to avoid risk of uncertainty, a company should conduct flexible manufacturing facilities and management. For example, Toyota in China limited the level of mechanism and hired more workforces to keep flexibility, by which Toyota can avoid the investment risk at the early stage. Secondly, decision making structure in local companies is a significant issue of management, which may be delegated to enable quick decision making for local company. Since the keen competitive environment of local regions, the market changes rapidly, the headquarters may not respond timely. As a result, the company may lose its competitive edge or opportunities. Another aspect is human resource management, which is a critical part of management strategy. The company may invest in local human resource education and retaining workforce, which will enhance the capabilities of local workers. Meanwhile, although the managerial level of local staff could be intended to improve, company should still have a certain number of domestic staff, who will keep their core strategy in place. System A systemically localization strategy may help an international corporation enter a new country successfully. However, localized strategy may also bring some risks. A firm should be respect and accept local culture; nevertheless, a firm follow the local tradition blindly may lose some market opportunities, while a firm can also create a new business different from local culture. For example, Kelloggs, who sold dry cereal in South America and Asia, successes in establishing the new eating habits which is different from local tradition, and Kelloggs expanded its business network abroad(Onkvisit Shaw, 2004). On the other hand, in some special industries, especially luxury goods, localized strategy should be cautioned. When a firms brand concept clash with localization concept, it is necessary for the firm to make a choice or balance between them. Louis Vuitton for instance, would not be marketed as a local product in China. But at most situation, that choice is difficult to decide becau se of the following risk. At first, localization strategy can make the local consumer accept the product quickly at the price of damaging the brand image. Moreover, localization strategy implementation need long term preparation and vast investment, which furthermore increase the financial risk. Another risk a firm may face to in the localizations procedure is culture conflict in management. When a firm enter a new country, two different cultures may clash, which may engender low efficiency and internal contradiction, even bankrupt. For example, in a Japanese firm in Europe, the local employees have to face to a totally distinct management model. It is necessary for the firm to decade whether keep its core strategy in place or finding local methods to execute it. Conclusion In conclusion, localized value proposition generated by local optimization, which should integrate the product, marketing and management strategy in the local culture background. Product strategy is the foundation of localization for supplying customized products. The marketing strategy is the key of localization for selling and profiting. The management strategy is the way to conduct localization. Furthermore, to increase its efficiency and competitiveness while adding value to its products, a firm should respect and adapt to local culture. However, the opportunities always associate with the risk. Localization brings certain risks to companies. It is necessary for a firm to consider carefully about the factors of localization strategy.

Global Warming And Human Security In Ghana Environmental Sciences Essay

Africa is one of the most vulnerable parts in the universe to Global Warming. This exposure and the restrictions of hapless states to accommodate to Global Warming challenges were highlighted in Climate Change 2001, the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) . The study established how human activity ( firing dodo fuels and alterations in land-use ) is modifying the planetary clime, with temperature rises projected for the following 100 old ages that could impact human public assistance and the environment. The historical clime record for Africa shows heating of about 0.7A °C over most of the continent during the 20th century ; a lessening in rainfall over big parts of the Sahel and West Africa and an addition in rainfall in other parts of Africa. Ghana is non exempted from the hazards of these recent alterations in Global Warming and alterations in conditions forms. Although the authorities is making good to decrease the consequence of Global Warming, Gganaians and most significantly local natives have been left behind in the consciousness and engagement in both determination and execution of clime alteration policies and patterns. The survey recommends the engagement of local people and an addition in climate alteration information airing to educate the public on steps to hold the consequence of Global Warming on human security, saving of H2O organic structures and the state ‘s flora screen..Chapter ONEIntroduction 1.1 Background to the Problem Many scientists, economic experts and policy shapers now agree that the universe is confronting a menace from clime heating. The grade of the impact and its distribution is still debated. Current grounds suggests that states in temperate and polar locations may profit from little economic advantages because extra heating will profit their agricultural sectors. Many states in tropical and sub-tropical parts are expected to be more vulnerable to warming because extra heating will impact their fringy H2O balance and harm their agricultural sectors. However, small research has been done on tropical states, so small is known about the extent of these amendss. The job is expected to be most terrible in Africa where current information is the poorest, technological alteration has been the slowest, and the domestic economic systems depend to a great extent on agribusiness. African husbandmans have adapted a certain sum of clime variableness, but climate alteration may good coerce big parts o f fringy agribusiness out of production in Africa. The agribusiness sector is a major subscriber to the current economic system of most African states, averaging 21 % and runing from 10 % to 70 % of the GDP. Even without clime alteration, there are serious concerns about agribusiness in Africa because of H2O supply variableness, dirt debasement, and repeating drought events. A figure of states face semi-arid conditions that make agribusiness challenging. Further, development attempts have been peculiarly hard to prolong. African agribusiness has the slowest record of productiveness addition in the universe. Experts are concerned that the agribusiness sector in Africa will be particularly sensitive to future clime alteration and any addition in climate variableness. The current clime is already fringy with regard to precipitation in many parts of Africa. Further warming in these semi- arid locations is likely to be lay waste toing to agriculture at that place. Even in the moist Torrid Zones, increased heat is expected to cut down harvest outputs. Agronomic surveies suggest that outputs could fall rather dramatically in the absence of dearly-won version steps. The current agriculture engin eering is basic, and incomes low, proposing that husbandmans will hold few options to accommodate. Soon, public substructure such as roads, long-run conditions prognosiss, and agricultural research and extension are unequal to procure appropriate version. Unfortunately, none of the empirical surveies of clime impacts in Africa have explored what versions would be efficient for either African husbandmans or African authoritiess. This is a serious lack in African impact research, given the importance of efficient version. Although there are well-established concerns about clime alteration effects in Africa, there is small quantitative information refering how serious these effects will be. These theoretical accounts show that Africa is the most vulnerable continent in the universe to climate alteration. 1.3 Statement of the Problem In recent times, clime alteration has become important in the lives of ordinary people in Ghana and has become a topic of concern for turn toing socio-economic issues in Ghana. It has become so of import that several seminars and workshops have been held in Ghana to educate and research into issues of clime alteration. Surveies have shown that the consequence of clime alteration will devolve at a increasingly faster rate if disciplinary steps are non put in topographic point. Research findings besides indicate that clime alteration could hold an impact on human and socio-economic security. It is besides of import to observe that Ghana would be one of the states to be hardest hit by the effects of clime alteration though it contributes really small to it. Surveies have besides shown that the clime alteration would hold impacts on GDPs of most agricultural based economic systems. Despite the significance of clime alteration to Ghana and its socio economic sciences small research has be en done on the estimated impact on the ordinary Ghanaian and the macro economic sciences of the state. We need to happen out the jobs at interest, of important concern are, the nature of clime alteration in Ghana, the impact of clime alteration on homo and socio economic security. 1.4 Aims of the Study The chief aims of the survey is to analyze the nature of clime alteration in Ghana, the impact of clime alteration on homo and socio economic security. The research is aimed at specifically turn toing the followers: Nature of clime alteration in Ghana. The impact of clime alteration on Human security. The impact of clime alteration on socio-economic security. Solutions or extenuation of the impact of clime alteration. 1.5 Beginnings of Data and Methodology This subdivision will foreground the process and methods used in the research work. These consist of research design, country of survey, population sample and trying techniques, instruments for informations aggregation, method of informations aggregation and analyses of informations. 1.5.1 Research Design The research design adopted for this survey is descriptive. In this survey nevertheless a combination of instance survey and causal comparative designs were employed. This enabled the research to do usage of extended docudrama informations juxtaposed against the responses of administered questionnaires. 1.5.2 Area of Study The research covered the Sakumono Area. Sakumono is located in the coastal portion of Greater Accra Region. The country of survey is along the Accra – Tema beach route. Its length is stretches 20km apart. The Sakumono country is populated by fishermen and vegetable husbandmans and until late a important figure of urban inhabitants. 1.5.3 Sample and Sampling Technique A entire figure of 100 individuals dwelling of 20 fishermen, 20 fishwifes, 20 husbandmans, 20 market adult females, 10 craftsmen and 10 adult females with assorted trades participated in the survey. To guarantee the unity of relevant features like age, sex, matrimonial position and business, stratified random sampling technique was used for choice of the sample population. The population of traditional trades was grouped into fishermen and fishwifes, husbandmans and market Sellerss and other traditional trades. This technique ensured that all bomber groups ( fishermen, fishwifes, husbandmans, market Sellerss, and other traditional trades ) were adequately represented. 1.5.4 Instrument for Data Collection A questionnaire was used for informations aggregation. The questionnaire was designed in two parts, the first portion contained information on biographic informations of the respondents. The biographical information consists of age, sex, matrimonial position and figure of kids. The 2nd portion consists of a 14 point questionnaire grouped into 5 classs with sub points in each class. The research inquiries were used to beg information from the respondents on the followers: General cognition of the jobs of clime alteration. Impact of clime alteration on wellness and wellbeing. Impact of clime alteration on work end product. Expected action by policy shapers and authoritiess to extenuate the impact of clime alteration. 1.6 Significance of Study Climate alteration is a menace to humanity, and to Ghana as a developing state the impacts are far making. The survey would be good to locals, kids in Sakumono, the fishermen, market common people, the territory assembly, estate contractors, the authorities and Non-Governmental Organizations ( NGOs ) . Finally the survey will function as a base mention for farther academic surveies. 1.7 Scope and Limitation of the Study 1.7.1 Scope This research was based on grownups with traditional trades within the Sakumono country. It besides focused on interviews with experts in the field of clime alteration. 1.7.2 Restriction The research work was confronted with some challenges during the survey. The first job was that respondents were disbelieving as to the grounds for the research. Some people thought it was information assemblage for relocation. After the necessary account and confidence from the research worker the respondents began to collaborate but at a point started demanding for some pecuniary wages for replying the questionnaires. The research worker besides found it hard measuring needful paperss from the metrological section of Ghana since they were unavailable. 1.8 Literature Review In this subdivision a aggregation of constructs aimed to reexamine the critical points of current cognition in clime alteration has been analyzed based on the survey aims. These constructs are secondary beginnings, and as such, do non describe any new or original findings. 1.8.1 Nature of Climate Change Climate alteration is fast turning to be one of the top issues that resonate in all corridors of treatment that affect human endurance and development. Human endurance is bit by bit been disturbed by the changing of the conditions which to many people is as a consequence of human activities. From worlds to livestock everyone is affected by the changing of the conditions. The conditions is going warmer and doing intolerable conditions to human endurance. Water organic structures, agribusiness and energy are earnestly been affected. Climate alteration has hence become a planetary issue that requires a planetary response. The scientific discipline tells us that emanations have the same effects from wherever they arise. The deduction for the economic sciences is that this is clearly and unequivocally an international corporate action job with all the attendant troubles of bring forthing consistent action and of avoiding free equitation. It is a job necessitating international cooperation and leading. On the African scene, many analysts have noticed that the continent has contributed small to planetary clime alteration. Harmonizing to Camilla Toulmin, Africa has contributed really small to Global Warming. The nature of Climate Change and the breakability of African states means that African states will be negatively affected by agribusiness, land and natural resources. 1.8.2 The Impact of Climate Change on Human Security Climate alteration will impact the basic elements of life for people around the universe – entree to H2O, nutrient production, wellness, and the environment. Hundreds of 1000000s of people could endure hunger, H2O deficits and coastal implosion therapy as the universe warms, every bit good as high degrees of poorness and hapless administration has made Africa peculiarly vulnerable to the effects of clime alteration. Climate alteration will ensue in deficit of resources for human ingestion this may trip struggle between and within states, as resources and safe topographic points become scarcer, and catastrophes destroy supports, increasing the figure of migrators and refugees. For illustration, Edward, Shankar and Sergenti explicate how deficits in seasonal rains that result in drouth and economic hurt addition the likeliness of civil war by up to 50 % . Again At that meeting Margaret Beckett, UK ‘s Foreign Secretary, warned about migration on an unprecedented graduated t able due to deluging, disease and dearth. She besides said that drouth and harvest failure could do intensified competition for nutrient, H2O and energy. â€Å" It is about our corporate security in a fragile and progressively mutualist universe, † she said. Climate alteration besides has major economic deductions. Harmonizing O'Brien with clime alteration, human security in one topographic point or for one group is progressively linked to the actions and results of others possible struggles happening between nutrient and fuel production in competition for land and other resources and in the publicity of bio-fuels and other extenuation steps. Stern farther indicates that the investing that takes topographic point in the following 10 -20 old ages will hold a profound consequence on the clime in the 2nd half of this century and in the following. But if the degree of apathy shown by most states persist it would be obvious in the coming decennaries, could make hazards of major break to economic and societal activity, on a graduated table similar to those associated with the great wars and the economic depression of the first half of the twentieth century. And it will be hard or impossible to change by reversal these alterations. 1.8.3 The Impact of Climate Change on Socio-Economic Security Socio-economic factors of any state is fundamentally of its indispensable services such H2O, nutrient, adjustment and energy. These are what most unluckily has become straight impacted by Global Warming. Harmonizing to Margaret Beckett, UK ‘s Foreign Secretary, warned about migration on an unprecedented graduated table due to deluging, disease and dearth. She besides said that drouth and harvest failure could do intensified competition for nutrient, H2O and energy. â€Å" It is about our corporate security in a fragile and progressively mutualist universe, † she said. Climate alteration besides has major economic deductions. Harmonizing to a 2006 study by Sir Nicholas Stern the costs of accommodating to climate alteration could be every bit much as 10 % of universe economic end product. 1.8.4 Extenuation to the Impact of Global Warming As noticed by Sachs ( 2008 ) the attempt in turn toing Global Warming needs prompt and strong action. Because clime alteration is a planetary job, the response to it must be international. It must be based on a shared vision of long-run ends and understanding on models that will speed up action over the following decennary, and it must construct on reciprocally reenforcing attacks at national, regional and international degree. Furthermore, Stern ( 2009 ) estimates that if the universe does non move on holding the badness of Global Warming the overall costs and hazards of clime alteration will be tantamount to losing at least 5 % of planetary GDP each twelvemonth. If a wider scope of hazards and impacts is taken into history, the estimations of harm could lift to 20 % of GDP or more. This surely will be a intensifying suffering to already reeling and weak economic system position of most African states including Ghana In contrast, planetary economic analysts have besides estimated that the costs of action for cut downing nursery gas emanations to avoid the worst impacts of clime alteration could be limited to around 1 % of planetary GDP each twelvemonth. It has been suggested by Wangari ( 2004 ) that the usage of traditional cognition could be a great replacement in covering with Global Warming. Traditional cognition can be seen as that which emerges from the interaction amongst persons and between persons and their environment, ensuing in a merchandise, which has been formed and transformed by the society itself. The cognition, which is a societal concept, harmonizing to is culturally specific and has its distinguishable features, It is embedded in societal value, beliefs or norms, expressed in narratives, traditional music and other cultural activities. Local cognition that addresses climate alteration can be made from three types of information: Accrued cultural cognition, Knowledge modified through contact with other civilizations, and progressive acquisition of the environment. Autochthonal Peoples have historically played an active function in the preservation of eco-systems important to the bar of clime change.. Traditional norms and regulations have it that some yearss are prohibited for the harvest home of fuel wood in these forest channels. These steps go a long manner to let the forest to retrieve and make the status for the forest to function as a C sink to attend Global Warming. Sacred grooves or countries are frequently associated with cultural rites, such as rainmaking. Members of the community are prohibited from executing certain activities in them, including hunting, assemblage, wood film editing, cultivating, graze, etc. Taboo yearss and the establishment of local Torahs on hunting and fishing have helped to conserv e biodiversity. 1.8.5 Traveling to a Low-Carbon Global Economy Another of import measure needed to undertake Global Warming is by following the cognition in traveling to a low-carbon planetary economic system. The first is carbon pricing, through revenue enhancement, emanations trading or ordinance, so that people are faced with the full societal costs of their actions. The purpose should be to construct a common planetary C monetary value across states and sectors. Secondary, Simon ( 2007 ) contend that there is the demand to hold a comprehensive policy on engineering to drive the development and deployment at graduated table of a scope of low-carbon and high-efficiency merchandises. And the 3rd is action to take barriers to energy efficiency, and to inform, educate and carry persons about what they can make to react to climate alteration. Additionally, Ogata & A ; Sen ( 2003 ) have observed that action on clime alteration will make important concern chances, as new markets are created in low-carbon energy engineerings and other low-carbon goods and services. These markets could turn to be deserving 100s of one million millions of dollars each twelvemonth, and employment in these sectors will spread out consequently. The concluding thought would be to undertake clime alteration is the pro-growth scheme for the longer term, and it can be done in a manner that does non crest the aspirations for growing of rich or hapless states. 1.9 Agreements of Chapters Chapter one of the survey, comprise of the debut, which provides a brief background of the survey, the statement of the job every bit good as the significance of the survey. It besides outlines the general aims of the survey, the methodological analysis used for informations assemblage and analysis every bit good as a replete of literature refering the survey country. The 2nd chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the survey country, measuring the chief issues concerned which included international conventions protocols and pacts, challenges of clime alteration docket, the stairss taken to cut downing the impact of Global Warming and a situational instance of Global Warming in Ghana. Chapter three elaborates on both primary and secondary informations collected which entails presentation of facts and analysis of research results. The last chapter ( chapter four ) outlines the drumhead, decision and recommendations of the survey. ENDNOTESChapter TWOOVERVIEW OF STUDY AREA2.1 Definitions 2.1.1 Global Warming Global Warming is the regional or global-scale alterations in historical clime forms originating from natural and/or semisynthetic causes and ensuing in both intermittent but progressively frequent, utmost impacts ( e.g. big storms and heat moving ridges ) and slow on-set, permeant, cumulative effects ( e.g. extinction of life signifiers and sea degree rise ) ( Simon, 2007 ) ; climate alteration involves the interactions of many systems, such as the ambiance, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere, every bit good as the human systems. In this survey Global Warming will be used interchangeably with clime alteration. 2.1.2 Environmental security Environmental security is the protection of people from short- and long-run depredations of nature, semisynthetic menaces to nature, and impairment of the natural environment. 2.1.3 Hazard A jeopardy is a potentially detrimental physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may do loss of life or hurt, belongings harm, societal and economic break or environmental debasement ( UN/ISDR, 2004 ) . 2.1.4 Human security Human security is the protection of â€Å" the critical nucleus of all human lives in ways that enhance human freedoms and fulfilment † ( Ogata & A ; Sen, 2003 ) ; the security of persons, their supports, and human rights including economic security, nutrient security, wellness security, environmental security, personal security, community security and political security. 2.2 International Conventions, Protocols and Treaties The demand for international Conventions, Protocols and Treaties mostly is based on the fact that all states will be affected by alteration in clime. The most vulnerable, the poorest states and Populations will endure earliest and most, even though they have contributed least to the causes of clime alteration. The international convention puts a duty and committedness to every individual state to lend in little manner to cut downing the impact of the Global Warming. Since the consciousness of Global Warming took centre phase in planetary treatment there has been hosts of conventions, protocols and pacts that country geared towards sustainable development and environmental understandings. The 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, offers a roadmap towards sustainable development. Chapter 24, entitled † Global Action for Women towards Sustainable Development † , calls upon authoritiess to extinguish all obstructions to adult females ‘s full engagement in sustainable development and public life At the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, the importance of governmental committedness towards the decrease of activities that result in Global Warming was reaffirmed. The Convention to Combat Desertification ( UNCCD, 1994 ) most clearly recognizes the function of adult females in rural supports and encourages the full engagement of adult females and work forces in the execution of the convention. The UNCCD stresses the of import function played by adult females in parts affected by desertification and/or drouth, peculiarly in rural countries in developing states. Although the 1992 Convention on Biodiversity recognizes preservation and sustainable usage of biological diverseness The following convention to be looked at is the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) , which recognized the full engagement of husbandmans and pastoral rural folks. Additionally, the Kyoto Protocol, that outlines decreases in nursery grass instituted inter-governmental dialogues under the UNFCCC are germinating around the cardinal countries: extenuation, version, engineering and finance. At the 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference ( COP13 ) in Bali, dialogues began for the post-Kyoto government ( 2012 and beyond ) . 2.3 Stairss to Reduce the Impact of Global Warming States confronting diverse fortunes will utilize different attacks to do their part to undertaking clime alteration. But action by single states is non plenty. Each state, nevertheless big, is merely a portion of the job. It is indispensable for states to hold a shared international vision of long-run ends. The undermentioned stairss as outlined provide a really utile suggestion to planetary policy shapers in their effort to outline a policy for universe to follow: Expanding and associating the turning figure of emanations merchandising strategies around the universe is a powerful manner to advance cost-efficient decreases in emanations and to convey forward action in developing states: strong marks in rich states could drive flows amounting to 10s of one million millions of dollars each twelvemonth to back up the passage to low-carbon development waies. Informal co-ordination every bit good as formal understandings can hike the effectivity of investings in invention around the universe. Globally, support for energy R & A ; D should at least dual, and support for the deployment of new low-carbon engineerings should increase up to five-fold. International co- operation on merchandise criterions is a powerful manner to hike energy efficiency. The loss of natural woods around the universe contributes more to planetary emanations each twelvemonth than the conveyance sector. Controling deforestation is a extremely cost-efficient manner to cut down emanations ; big scale international pilot programmes to research the best ways to make this could acquire afoot really rapidly. The poorest states are most vulnerable to climate alteration. It is indispensable that clime alteration be to the full integrated into development policy, and that rich states honour their pledges to increase support through abroad development aid. 2.4 Global Warming in Ghana Ghana lies on the West seashore of Africa with a Population of about 25million. The entire land country of Ghana is 238,539km2. Agribusiness represents the most of import land usage type in footings of its spacial coverage. Agribusiness in the wood takes up more than 75 % of the land while in the northern savannas ; the coverage is between 50 and 60 % . About 11 % of the land country of Ghana is under preservation. Whiles at that place has non been a important happening of natural catastrophes compared to other Asiatic and African states there are still pockets of instabilities as a consequence of the emerging issue of climate alteration. The most detrimental impacts to climate alteration for Ghana has been to H2O resources, agribusiness, and drouths. About 80 % of Ghana ‘s population depends on Agriculture for a life. Agribusiness in Ghana is extremely vulnerable to climate alteration variableness and long term clime Change which would ensue in a higher nutrient monetary values, lower domestic grosss and broadening of current history shortages due to lower export net incomes together with increased rising prices and increased external liability ( Zaragoza, 2005 Namikat, 2005 ) Ghana ‘s environment and cardinal natural resources have been progressively threatened by intensifying and unsustainable force per unit areas from fast turning population, spread outing agricultural and industrial activities and rapid urbanisation. One other major issue associated with biodiversity in Ghana is the loss of home ground and the depletion of biological resources. Persistent development of the Savannah has resulted in widespread debasement. Forest flora and dirts hold about 40 % of all the C stored in tellurian ecosystems. Release of C as a consequence of deforestation contributes to planetary clime alteration. The grounds of Global Warming in Ghana is clear in the face of a reduced rainfall, increase temperature and vaporization in dry countries, Frequent drouth enchantments taking to terrible H2O deficit, Change in seting day of the months of one-year harvests, Increased fungous eruptions and insect infestations due to alterations in temperature and humidness, Decrease in forest country and country under cultivation and Increased potency of malaria transmittal and loads on the state ‘s wellness attention system. A national Committee on Climate Change is hosted by the Ministry of Environment. This commission has the authorization of reexamining policies and plans to complement national precedences and contribute to decrease of nursery gas emanations and an addition in C sinks. The Ministry is the focal point for UNFCCC activities ( Agyeman-Bonsu, 2007a ) . Ghana signed the UNFCCC in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro. The Convention entered intoforce globally on 21 March 1994 and specifically for Ghana on December 5, 1995, three months after Ghana ratified the Convention. In 2002, Ghana ‘s Parliament passed a declaration to sign the Kyoto Protocol ( KP ) and the KP entered into force globally on 16 February 2005 ( Agyeman-Bonsu, 2007b ) ENDNOTESChapter THREEEvaluation OF DATA3.1 Presentation of Datas A sum of 100 respondents took portion in this survey, consisting of 20 ( 20 ) representatives from each of the followers: fishermen, fishwifes, husbandmans, market adult females. There were besides were ten ( 10 ) craftsmen and 10s ( 10 ) adult females with assorted trades participated in the survey. The chief thought for placing the respondents above, recognized the above mentioned professions are chiefly been engaged by the citizens and by gender, the survey intend to set up the degree of exposure between work forces and adult females. The causes of Global Warming, impacts and how each of the identified group of respondents react to Global Warming in footings of energy wellness, H2O and life conditions. 3.2 Biographic Information For equal gender representation, an equal figure of 50 were drawn from both males and females for the survey. Table 1. Sexual activity of RespondentsMalesNumber RespondentsFemalesNumber RespondentsFishermans 20 Fishmongers 20 Farmers 20 Market adult females 20 Craftsmans 20 Womans in Trades 10Sum50503.3 Age distribution of respondents The mean age among the male respondents is 40 with that of females being 49. Most of the work forces ( 60 % of male respondents ) were aged above 35 whilst for the female respondents ; about 70 per centum were aged above 35. 3.4 Marital position Refering the matrimonial position of the respondents, 60 per centum of fishermen were married, 15 per centum had divorced, and 10 per centum were besides widowed. On a similar note, more husbandmans were said they were married ( 85 % ) , 10 per centum were widowed but 5 per centum were divorced. Among the craftsmen interviewed, more than half ( 60 % ) said they had married, none had experienced divorced but 40 per centum had ne'er married. On the portion of the female respondents, 80 per centum of the fishwifes, 70 per centum of market adult females and 50 per centum of adult females in trades said they were married. Besides, 10 per centum of fishwifes, 20 per centum of market adult females and adult females in trades had experienced divorced. More adult females in trades ( 30 % ) have ne'er married and besides more of such adult females were widowed compared to the remainder of the respondents. Table 1 Marital Status of RespondentsProfessionMarried%Divorced%Never Married%Widowed%Fishermans 12 60 3 15 2 10 3 15 Farmers 17 85 1 5 0 0 2 10 Craftmen 6 60 0 0 4 4 0 0 Fishmongers 16 80 2 10 1 1 1 5 Market adult females 14 70 4 20 0 0 2 10 Womans in trades 5 50 2 20 3 3 0 0Sum70121083.5 General cognition of the jobs of clime alteration The survey enquired signifier respondents their cognition about clime alteration. It was revealed that more of males ( 46 % male respondents were cognizant of clime alteration ) were cognizant of the planetary consent to climate alter the attempts of change by reversaling the tendency than female respondents ( 30 % of females respondents were cognizant of clime alteration ) . Figure 1. Awareness of Climate Change Campaign In all merely 38 per centum of the respondents indicated their consciousness to climate alteration run. Despite their ignorance about the run, most of the male respondents were cognizant of the jobs climate alteration is doing, mentioning among other things, hot conditions. 3.6 Impact of clime alteration on wellness and good being 60 per centum of female respondents complained of frequent wellness jobs but merely 46 % of male respondents said they have noticed alterations in wellness related jobs. More fishermen ( 65 % ) reported that the rate of trial to infirmary hold increased in recent times. This is followed by adult females in trades, where 50 % indicated of frequent wellness jobs. On the general wellbeing of the people interviewed, a pouncing proportion of females ( 90 % ) complained of economic adversity as a consequence of less gross revenues and lower incomes. Besides, about 55 % of males interviewed complained that there has been recent economic adversity as a consequence of decrease in end product of work. 3.7 Impact of clime alteration on work end product From the survey, 60 % female respondents indicated that productiveness has enormously reduced. As one adult female commented â€Å" bad conditions affects the fish we can catch † . Less fish caught affect the gross revenues and gross of fishwifes, which finally reduces incomes for families. Craftsmans and adult females in unidentified trade both complained of deficit of gross revenues marks. 3.8 Expected action by policy shapers and authoritiess to extenuate the impact of clime alteration The survey farther wanted to happen out the expected actions locals expect from authoritiess and policy shapers with respect to climate alteration. The consequence were that 55 % of entire respondents said their positions as locals and natives needed to be sought when outlining any national policy. Respondents who presumptively are at the closest to the creative activity and care of clime alteration are non included in policy and decision-making. About 20 % said they wanted authorities to demo more commitment to any policy drafted and shoot more financess towards climate direction. 3.9 Pictures demoing the impact of Global Warming on the Sakumono Lagoon The images in Appendix B seek to reenforce the points that Global Warming is impacting human and economic security in Ghana. The captioned exposure depicts assorted cases and conditions back uping this averment.Chapter FOURSUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION4.1 Drumhead The activities of few fabrication and agricultural industries in Ghana consequences in high-carbon coevals that has negative effects on clime alteration. Alternate low-carbon emanations that would non cut down economic growing could be used where available. It has been established that developed states account for 80 % of planetary emanations lending to the depletion of the ozone bed. The necessary force per unit area could be put on states most responsible for green house concentration in the ambiance to cut down their emanations significantly. The research found out that ordinances on land usage was loose and those who degrade land travel unpunished. Methods could be devised to better land direction of ecological sites to conserve biodiversity, peculiarly in wetland countries. There no local engagement in protection and direction of the Sakumono laguna and its environments. The Autochthonal people could be included in the preservation of eco-systems through the usage of local imposts to forestall clime alteration. Thirty-eight per centum of the respondents were non cognizant of the impacts of Global Warming and could non entree and utilize day-to-day conditions prognosiss of the Meteorological Department. The usage of local idioms could be used to better conditions information distribution. The research established that 67 % the respondents were non adequately accommodated and were at hazard of the conditions. Housing strategies on flexible footings could be provided to locals who can non afford equal lodging. Waste disposal at the Sakumono Lagoon and its environ were disorderly and set in topographic points that threatened the endurance of the laguna with its vegetations and zoologies. Existing environmental ordinances on waste disposal could be enforced. The respondents ‘ reported 89 % frequent contraction of respiratory diseases in the past 5 old ages. Health installations could be extended to the locals particularly those prone to these diseases ( the aged and kids ) . The research established that there were no co-ops supplying fiscal and other signifiers of support for the hapless land-dwellers, fishermen and market adult females. Cooperatives could be formed to supply fiscal and other signifiers of support to the locals in the Sakumono general country. Eighty-five per centum of respondents use wood coal or firewood for cookery intents. The debut of reasonably monetary value gas could cut down dependance on wood coal and firewood. 4.2 Decision Ghana is vulnerable and delicate to climate alteration depends chiefly as a consequence of less governmental committedness and deficiency of information to the chief participants of the environment. This is coupled with institutional failings and this could take to serious impact on wellness, nutrient, H2O and endurance of its citizen in decennaries in front. 4.3 Recommendations The authorities and municipal assemblies in Climate Change extenuation should concentrate on alternate low C development and usage, that does non cut down economic growing. On international platforms and during international conventions the authorities should set the necessary force per unit area on states most responsible for green house concentration in the ambiance to cut down emanations significantly. Industries in Ghana, both fabrication and agricultural should follow emanation decrease inventions where available. The Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources in concurrence with municipal assemblies should invent steps to better land direction of ecological sites to conserve biodiversity, peculiarly in our wetland countries. There is the demand to name for multi sectorial attack to a sustainable development scheme of the environment which recognizes the engagement of Autochthonal people because of their historical engagement as active participants in the preservation of eco-systems important to the bar of clime alteration. The Meteorological Department should set up improved conditions prediction and information distribution. The authorities, municipal assemblies and non-governmental administrations should assist the autochthonal and hapless population at hazard to efficaciously get by with high temperature extremes and fickle rainfall forms. This can be done by supplying strategies to supply places with better insularity and aeration, against utmost heat and cold conditions every bit good as offer other building betterments. The Environmental Protection Council should implement ordinances on waste disposal. The Ghana Health Service should be active in the proviso of timely wellness support for susceptible people. Banks and NGOs should provide for and beef up concerted establishments to let hapless land-dwellers, fishermen and market adult females to portion the costs associated with market engagement. The Ministry of Energy should hasten and regulate the proviso of domestic gas.

El impacto social del Colonialismo - 624 Words

El impacto social del Colonialismo En el proceso de colonizacià ³n, el colonizado y el colonizador cambian sin tener conciencia de lo sucedido. Las caracterizaciones se crearon cuando los colonizadores empezaron a poner rangos de superioridad. Por consiguiente, el colonizado paso a ser categorizado inferior y el colonizador alterno de ser inferior a superior. Para comprender lo discutido, tenemos que explorar el inicio del colonizador.  ¿Porque ellos eran inferiores? Si observamos que tipo de personas los colonizadores eran; podemos claramente observar que eran individuos pobres quienes querà ­an encontrar riquezas, personas sin poder gubernamental y/o carecà ­an de tà ­tulos de nobleza. La mayorà ­a, eran inferiores a los europeos que sostenà ­an una posicià ³n superior a la de tales individuos. Al llegar a una nueva tierra y a un nuevo mundo, todas las posibilidades se abrieron para los colonizadores. Encontraron otras personas sin la educacià ³n y clase de ellos mismos. Al suceder esto, los colo nizadores automà ¡ticamente se sintieron superiores a ellos. En este caso sucedià ³ la teorà ­a de Abraham Maslow que si uno esta con alguien de menor inteligencia uno automà ¡ticamente se siente mejor o superior. A la par es el aspecto fà ­sico, cuando uno està ¡ con alguien que es mà ¡s feo en la opinià ³n individual que uno, la consecuencia es sentirse mà ¡s lindo por comparacià ³n. Maslow muestra la necesidad de tener prestigio y destacarse dentro un grupo social evaluando todos los aspectos.